A Guide to Using MLA Citations

A Guide to Using MLA Citations A Guide to Using MLA Citations MLA referencing is basic in the humanities. Furthermore, on the off chance that you are concentrating on a writing or language-based course, you may need to utilize MLA references in your composed work. To assist you with getting this right, at that point, we have arranged a manual for utilizing MLA references in an exposition. This will cover fundamental references, refering to numerous creators, and other dubious circumstances. 1. Fundamental MLA Citations Fundamental MLA references utilize a creator family name and a page number in sections. Ordinarily, you would give this before end accentuation: Terrible news voyages quick (Hawkins 201). Here, for instance, the reference focuses to page 201 of a source by Hawkins. You would then give the full source subtleties in the rundown. The primary minor departure from this configuration happens when you name a creator in the content: Hawkins asserts that terrible news â€Å"travels fast† (201). As appeared here, when the author’s name shows up in the content, there is no compelling reason to rehash it in the reference. Rather, simply give the page number after the statement. 2. Refering to Sources with Multiple Authors At the point when a source has two creators, name both in the in-content reference, utilizing â€Å"and† as a connector (not the ampersand image): The specific speed of awful news is a riddle (Ptaszynski and Schreiber 14). Here, for instance, we’re refering to page 14 of a book by Ptaszynski and Schreiber. In any case, for sources with at least three creators, you should utilize the first name in addition to â€Å"et al.† in quite a while: Harkin et al. contend that uplifting news is similarly quick (101). â€Å"Et al.† here methods â€Å"and others,† demonstrating the peruser you have forgotten about certain names. A similar principle applies if a source has at least three editors or interpreters in the rundown. 3. Refering to More than One Author with the Same Surname To refer to more than one creator with a similar last name, you should adjust your references. In MLA referencing, this implies giving a first beginning: News moves more slow in water (A. Smith 32) than in air, however it moves a lot quicker in a vacuum (Z. Smith 412-414). In the rundown, in any case, you should give the authors’ full first names and family names of course. 4. Refering to Multiple Works by the Same Author As opposed to utilizing a time of distribution to recognize references of sources by a similar creator, MLA referencing utilizes the source title instead of the author’s name. For instance, envision that a writer called Hawkins had composed both a book called A History of Bad News and an article called â€Å"The Pace of News: A Comparative Study of Communicative Speed.† To refer to both in a similar report, we would need to remember their titles for the references: Awful news ventures quick (Hawkins, A History of Bad News 201). Its speed is by all accounts expanding, as well (Hawkins, â€Å"The Pace of News† 1136). We can learn two things about utilizing titles in MLA references from the models above. Specifically, you ought to consistently: Organization titles as per the source type (e.g., italics for books and statement marks for shorter pieces, for example, articles). Abbreviate long titles (e.g., changing â€Å"The Pace of News: A Comparative Study of Communicative Speed† to simply â€Å"The Pace of News†). In the rundown, in the interim, you ought to sort out sources by a similar creator one after another in order by title. What's more, utilize three hyphens instead of the author’s name for every passage after the first: Hawkins, Justin. A History of Bad News. London, PME Publications, 2007. . â€Å"The Pace of News: A Comparative Study of Communicative Speed.† The Journal of Alternative Telecommunications, vol. 9, no. 3, 2015, pp. 1124-1139. 5. Refering to More than One Source at Once At long last, to refer to more than one source in a similar spot, separate every reference with a semicolon. For instance: Awful news moves quicker than light (Hawkins 198; Smith 22). Here, we’re refering to both Hawkins and Smith to help one same point. This can be valuable for demonstrating that numerous individuals share a thought or hypothesis.

Beowulf and Paradise Lost’s Epic themes Essay

Epic is commonly a long story sonnet on a genuine and incredible subject, in a style that is exceptionally significant, and focuses on a legend whose activities rely upon the destiny of a clan, a country, or humankind overall. Such epic verses as Milton’s Paradise Lost and the celebrated Old English sonnet Beowulf, which was converted into the new English , are both to some degree extraordinary but then comparative from multiple points of view. We know about the way that Beowulf was passed down orally from age to age until it was recorded, which follows the old style of stories, essential. In contrast to Beowulf, Paradise Lost follows a tad bit of the essential conventions yet with its own curve and is in the auxiliary family gathering. Likewise, pastoralism was significant in the Renaissance writing, for example, Marvell’s The Garden, which is firmly identified with Paradise Lost. By and large, Pastoral journalists manage the lives of shepherds in the rustic life and r egularly look at the joy and immaculateness of a straightforward life and the debasement and trouble of the city. Most characters in peaceful verse are regularly used to pass on the author’s social and good accepts. It is extraordinary, no doubt, how intently one can think about verse that originates from such assorted and interesting social and authentic foundations. Additionally, it is extremely intriguing how these creators change or endeavor to change the class that they are working with exceptionally that of Milton and Marvell. In looking into the legends of Beowulf to that of Paradise Lost, one must consider the criticalness of the epic qualities and saint models showed, and furthermore see how peaceful subjects can become possibly the most important factor with an epic, for example, Paradise lost in contrast with Marvell’s sonnet The Garden. Basically, an epic verse has various attributes that any â€Å"epic† sonnet needs to fall under; it is a long account sonnet in extraordinary style, introducing characters of high situation in a grouping of occasions, their development of development in various scenes, and defeating snags. We can see that stories initially came to fruition from crafted by different obscure artists; a case of this is Beowulf, which we don’t think a lot about the author. This sort of style in verse breaks into two unique gatherings, the essential and the auxiliary. Essential is typically a folkloric style and optional interests more to the later ages and is increasingly imaginative; we can plainly comprehend that Beowulf is in the essential gathering while Paradise Lost in the auxiliary gathering. Besides, stories, essential and optional, both offer a gathering of normal qualities, which are: the saint has a noteworthy physical make-up, is critical to an ethnic gathering, national or global, and is verifiably significant. Likewise, the setting is incredibly significant also in light of the fact that it covers countries, the world, or even now and then the universe. Furthermore, the activity requires a heroes’ fortitude. In addition, extraordinary powers, for example, god, his heavenly attendants, and the scoundrels all are up to speed in the activity and mediate every now and then. To wrap things up, most epic characters are in high positions like rulers, sovereigns, aristocrats, individuals from the privileged societies, and here and there authentic creatures or Ghosts. In the Epic of Beowulf, Beowulf himself beats numerous impediments and tests. To quickly look at this, Beowulf and a solid warrior cause a wager to see who to can remain in the water the longest. In any case, the most significant and the most fascinating one is the hardship Beowulf suffers is in the fight between him, Grendel and his mom, the detestable beasts. Thus, Beowulf has been pronounced as an incredible epic sonnet basically due to the different qualities it obviously has. Furthermore an epic comprises of a saint who is extraordinary and overwhelming, predominately. Beowulf is, point of fact, an ideal case of this saint in view of the stunning demonstrations of chivalry he achieves. Epic characters are excellent with and give various addresses that achieve the past or, all the more significantly, the speaker’s qualities. Beowulf doesn't give many, yet for the little he gives, we gain proficiency with a lot about his character qualities. In any case, Paradise Lost’s Satan, who isn't the legend of the sonnet, yet the principle character, utilizes discourse as one of the fundamental forces he gangs to defeat the hindrances that lay before him, which is to demolish humankind. Additionally, Milton’s Paradise Lost, is a retelling of the scriptural story of the formation of man. So also, this sonnet has the attributes of an epic verse due to its extremely since quite a while ago, point by point, portrayal, which is the tale of the source of Satan and the fall of humanity. The sonnet rotates around Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden: the emphasis is mostly on how eve when enticed by Satan who guides her to ignore God’s rule and ate from the illegal tree of information. From the outset he was called Lucifer, a holy messenger in paradise who defied God, and was at long last sent to damnation with his devotees. So fundamentally, Paradise Lost is an epic sonnet, which, truth be told, holds a general human intrigue. Heaven Lost is clearly religious, yet Beowulf, paying little mind to its absence of Christian references, likewise manages matters of the Christian religion: the beasts represent underhanded, released, encompassing the human instinct to c arry pulverization and disorder to them. Additionally, by considering epic to be pastoralism, Milton coordinates epic components of Christian accepts to human’s otherworldly battle. Also, the two extraordinary peaceful artists of the Renaissance, John Milton and Andrew Marvell, both utilized numerous peaceful components in their work. Milton utilized peaceful components in a few of his works, particularly in Books 4 and 9 of Paradise Lost. In Paradise Lost, Milton is less worried about peaceful scenes and lost heavens than with a â€Å"paradise within.† Moreover, the manner in which Milton portrays nature is that it is commonly wild and that man cultivate them. Milton’s portrayal of the nursery and Adam’s and Eve’s obligations inside it in reality demonstrates this perspective. Likewise, Satan’s entrance into the nursery shows both the standard and edified attributes of the world can be changed by insidious. In examination, Marvell’s sonnet The Garden, the speaker acknowledges the nursery as a glad state to understanding as a treat inside. Marvell appears to get some distance from society as entire for nature. He especially disregards the organization of ladies, as he unmistakably favors the magnificence of the trees more than the excellence of ladies. All things considered, we see that through Beowulf, Paradise Lost, and The Garden, the creators purposefully attempt to change the class that they are working with and include their very own style, which, when all is said in done, are fascinating. In spite of the fact that the creators of both Beowulf and Paradise Lost follow the qualities of an epic sonnet, anyway both their fundamental characters are unique, one is a scoundrel who carries obliteration and tumult to humankind and the other being an extraordinary saint, who brings to a parts of the bargains being done to his kin and land. Likewise, we saw that the Pastoralism in both Paradise Lost and The Garden are distinctive from multiple points of view too.

The 4 Major Personality Perspectives and Theories

The 4 Major Personality Perspectives and Theories Theories Personality Psychology Print The 4 Major Personality Perspectives By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on November 26, 2019 More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Psychoanalytic Perspective Humanistic Perspective Trait Perspective Social Cognitive Perspective View All Back To Top The study of personality is one of the major topics of interest in psychology. Numerous personality theories exist and most of the major ones fall into one of four major perspectives. Each of these perspectives on personality attempts to describe different patterns in personality, including how these patterns form and how people differ on an individual level. Learn more about the four major perspectives of personality, the theorist associated with each theory and the core ideas that are central to each perspective.  Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Psychoanalytic Perspective The psychoanalytic perspective of personality emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind. This perspective on personality was created by psychiatrist Sigmund Freud who believed that things hidden in the unconscious could be revealed in a number of different ways, including through dreams, free association, and slips of the tongue.?? Neo-Freudian theorists, including Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney, believed in the importance of the unconscious but disagreed with other aspects of Freuds theories. Major Theorists and Theories Sigmund Freud: Stressed the importance of early childhood events, the influence of the unconscious and sexual instincts in the development and formation of personality.Erik Erikson: Emphasized the social elements of personality development, the identity crisis and how personality is shaped over the course of the entire lifespan.??Carl Jung: Focused on concepts such as the collective unconscious, archetypes, and psychological types.Alfred Adler: Believed the core motive behind personality involves striving for superiority, or the desire to overcome challenges and move closer toward self-realization. This desire to achieve superiority stems from underlying feelings of inferiority that Adler believed were universal.Karen Horney: Focused on the need to overcome basic anxiety, the sense of being isolated and alone in the world. She emphasized the societal and cultural factors that also play a role in personality, including the importance of the parent-child relationship. Humanistic Perspective The humanistic perspective of personality focuses on psychological growth, free will, and personal awareness. It takes a more positive outlook on human nature and is centered on how each person can achieve their individual potential.?? Major Theorists Carl Rogers: Believed in the inherent goodness of people and emphasized the importance of a free will and psychological growth. He suggested that the actualizing tendency is the driving force behind human behavior.Abraham Maslow: Suggested that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs.?? The most basic needs are centered on things necessary for life such as food and water, but as people move up the hierarchy these needs become centered on things such as esteem and self-actualization. Trait Perspective The trait perspective of personality is centered on identifying, describing and measuring the specific traits that make up human personality.?? By understanding these traits, researchers believe they can better comprehend the differences between individuals. Major Theorists Hans Eysenck: Suggested that there are three dimensions of personality: 1) extraversion-introversion, 2) emotional stability-neuroticism and 3) psychoticism.Raymond Cattell: Identified 16 personality traits that he believed could be utilized to understand and measure individual differences in personality.Robert McCrae and Paul Costa: Introduced the big five theory, which identifies five key dimensions of personality: 1) extraversion, 2) neuroticism, 3) openness to experience, 4) conscientiousness and 5) agreeableness.?? Social Cognitive Perspective The social cognitive perspective of personality emphasizes the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, and cognitive processes. Major Theorists Albert Bandura: Emphasized the importance of social learning, or learning through observation. His theory emphasized the role of conscious thoughts including self-efficacy, or our own beliefs in our abilities.??

The Human And Non Human Mentality Essay - 1859 Words

Rene Descartes â€Å"Methods on the Method† focuses on distinguishing the significant difference of the human mind, and how he does through separating how neither animals nor machines don’t possess the same mental capabilities as the human rational. For Descartes distinguishes the human rational apart from non-humans, even though he does agree the two closely resemble each other because through their sense organs. However, it is because the mechanical lacks a sufficient aspect of the mind that makes it necessary for them to be on par with humans. Throughout Descartes â€Å"Discourse on the Method,† he argues that the significant differences between humans and both non-humans is they’re limited ability to respond to the world through external causes which react to their sense organs they recognize. This significantly creates a dividing ‘line’ which separates humans from non-humans. Furthermore, this paper will at first distinguish the differenc e between the human and non-human mentality in regards from Descartes â€Å"Discourse on the Method†. Then in which I will theorize a modern AI that could possess the concept of a human mind. As well as theorize a powerful AI that lacks the ability to understand its own intelligence. Lastly, I will argue why I believe there are no such machines that could possess the fundamental ability to understand knowledge, rather they are merely entities that react to the world instead of acting with it. The ‘Line’ Descartes draws to distinguish the human psycheShow MoreRelatedThe, The Salem Witch Trials And The Civil Rights Movement Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pages It is often affirmed that as the most dominant species on planet earth, human beings essentially rule the way in which our world has evolved; we have cognitive abilities that allow us to explore a multitude of complex variables, utilize logic, formulate a wide range of choices, and act out our decisions. However, even as highly logical creatures, humans have the propensity to be influenced by the choices of others or information presented to them, form groups of like-minded individuals, and participateRead MoreAnalysis Of Rhinoceros By Eugene Ionesco1402 Words   |  6 Pagesbrute nature of human beings and the desire for power. To support this claim, four topics will be discussed. The first, is the physical nature of a rhinoceros. Secondly, the historical significance of this symbolism. Third, examples of savagery throughout the text will be discussed. Lastly, the transformation of Jean will be discussed. Opposing views to this theory will be discussed and counter-arguments will be made to conclude the paper. At all times through-out history, human perception of theRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Group Mentality Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesGroup Mentality: Advantages and Disadvantages The idea of a â€Å"band mentality† has been around since before humans have existed. In chimpanzees, our closest common ancestor, the group follows a dominant male, while interacting among the group based on who they like or dislike. Early humans were separated into small bands of hunters for both protection and aid in killing prey. The most experienced hunter led the attack, and it was important to have people who accepted his opinion and listenedRead MoreThe Dependency On God s Opinion Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesnotion of God came about, and how your guilt factors into His existence. To do this, we must delve into human consciousness and assess the beginnings of guilt. Conscience is what ties the pain of being a debtor into failure to keep promises. By being a debtor to anyone, humans develop the painful sense that we owe another entity something – we call this pain â€Å"guilt†. In ancient times when humans moved into their first permanent settlements, they felt a sense of debt towards their superiors, and theRead MoreThe Lack of Money Management Skills Among University Students1107 Words   |  4 Pagesthey don’t have financial management skills. This resulted in wastage in all their monthly expenses and facing financial problem. Why and how has it been possible to sell ever more good and service to consumer? Is the â€Å"pure imperturbable belief that human wants are insatiable† (Lebergott,1993,p.69). Marketing communication is a subject that student often equate with advertising. 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It doesn’t matter what you look like, it matters what is inside of you. In the novel Wonder it is about a kid named August with a deformed face from being born with TCS. He started school for the first time in his life. At his school, he got bullied by almost

A Unique System Of Hong Kong - 1258 Words

â€Å"One country, two systems†, it is a unique system which is using between Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the People s Republic of China. According to the Sino-British Joint Declaration, the United Kingdom willing to return the power of governing Hong Kong back to China if the Chinese Government agrees to let Hong Kong’s life styles, political system remain unchanged for 50 years (). Not only remain unchanged for 50 years, The Chinese also made different promises to make sure the sovereignty will transferred probably. Those promises gave a certain level of confident to those people in Hong Kong that their freedom will not be deprived by the Chinese Government but living as same as the same standard that time. The good day have†¦show more content†¦Chinese Government using â€Å"ideological education† to the people from Hong Kong in different generations which brought a huge conflict and impact unto the society. Local identity, language are taking away by the Chinese Government because of the changes of the education system. Even though the Chinese Government already take over the sovereignty of Hong Kong at 1997, people at Hong Kong do not think they are â€Å"Chinese† and that is the reason China do different ideological education to â€Å"teach† People in Hong Kong to be proud of being a Chinese. For the youngest generation, the Chinese Government decided to â€Å"education† their love toward China. In the book â€Å"primary student handbook of the basic law of Hong Kong† which is given to all primary students in all primary schools in Hong Kong, it mention that whenever people see the flag of the People s Republic of China and hear the anthem, they should be proud to be a Chinese (10). Also it also mentioned that Hong Kong people should always cooperate with what the government said and support and maintain the authority of the Chief Executive (4046). It have two main points that totally not accepted by Hong Kong people. First, half of the description on basic law in not true and the second part is that this book is really subjective because from the beginning of this book is just talking how great China is. The reader is targeted for 6-12 years oldShow MoreRelatedHow Does the â€Å"Cha Chaan Teng†(Hong Kong Style Restaurant) Reflect and Contribute to Hk Identity?1713 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: How does the â€Å"Cha Chaan Teng†(Hong Kong Style Restaurant) reflect and contribute to HK identity? Hong Kong identity is a complicated issue and many different perspectives have to be taken into consideration in order to study this issue. This paper mainly focuses on the cultural perspective of the Hong Kong identity. 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Formal Lab Report Format Free Essays

Formal Lab Report Format A properly written formal lab report in CHEM 123L consists of the following sections: Cover Page ? Give your experiment a good, descriptive title ? Include the date, your name, ID#, TA’s name and partner’s name and section # Introduction and / or Purpose ? Introduce the background material your reader will need to understand the experiment and all parts of your report. ? Summarize the underlying theory of the experiment and any equations you will use. ? Identify the purpose of the experiment; what you are trying to accomplish or prove? Experimental Procedure ? If the procedure in the lab manual was followed exactly, it is sufficient to state the following: â€Å"The experimental procedure used for this experiment was outlined in the CHEM 123L lab manual, Experiment #1. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal Lab Report Format or any similar topic only for you Order Now All steps were followed without deviation. â€Å") You must include your lab manual in your reference section if you use this technique. ? If the procedure in the lab manual was not followed exactly, you must explain what was done differently. ? Marks are not assigned for the procedure, but will be deducted if you do not include it in your report. Experimental Observations ? Present all experimental observations; what did you see / hear / feel happening as the experiment was proceeding? ? Enter original observations such as weights, volumes, temperatures etc. with units. ? Tabulate experimental data (ie, present your data in a table) whenever possible, this helps the reader quickly compare your data. Include appropriate table titles, labels and units. ? In some lab reports the observations may be incorporated into the results section. Results Calculations ? Show one sample calculation to illustrate how each type of calculation was performed. Use appropriate units and significant figures. ? Tabulate calculated results, whenever possible. Tables must have appropriate titles, labels and proper units. ? Refer to Appendix B: Data Analysis, for information on plotting experimental data. Discussion ? Generally describe what was done and what was accomplished in the lab. What concepts or ideas did the experiment prove, show, reinforce, etc ? Compare experimental results with values found in the literature (if any). If your values do not agree with literature values, discuss why this may be. ? Briefly discuss possible sources of observed errors. If your results are erroneous, explain what was done wrong in the experiment that may account for the observed results. (Note that this is not a discussion of every possible error that may or may not have occurred! ) Questions ? Answer all questions given in the lab manual in a separate section within your report, unless you are instructed otherwise. Conclusions ? Restate purpose and/or objectives of the experiment and give conclusions as to whether or not they were achieved. ? State all experimental findings regarding unknowns ? Comments regarding the effectiveness or reliability of experimental methods can be made here as well References ? List any books or articles that were used in writing the lab report (including those used to answer questions) in alphabetical order by author(s) or editor(s) name. Include full reference information for each source. ? Always cite references within the body of your lab report. The preferred citation style for Chem 123L is to use the authors name and date of publication in parentheses, for example: Chem 123L students are typically bright and inquisitive. (Kramer, 1999) ? Once again, marks are generally not assigned for the references, but will be deducted if you do not include them in your report. Clarity and Understanding ? A mark will be assigned for overall clarity and understanding of the experiment. Have you presented your findings in a way that proves you understand what you did and why? ? Marks will be awarded for neatness and organization. Don’t make it difficult for your TA to mark your report! How to cite Formal Lab Report Format, Papers

Manipulation free essay sample

The Webster dictionary says â€Å"to control or play upon by artful, unfair, or insidious means especially to ones own advantage† (Merriam-Webster) So what does this mean in the context of communication. It would appear that to manipulate someone is sinister in nature. That it is something bad or evil we do to other people for our own gain. But is it? Throughout this paper I hope to disprove this fact that manipulation is only used for malicious intent. Or maybe I’ll only help further the notion that to manipulate someone is a bad thing to do. Throughout this paper I will discuss several different forms of manipulation such as; Crowd Manipulation, Market Manipulation, Media Manipulation, and Psychological Manipulation. I will break down each of these to find their purpose and place in our society and to find if they is any â€Å"good† to be found in them. Crowd Manipulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Manipulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Crowd manipulation is a form of soft manipulation. According to Wikipedia the definition is â€Å"the intentional use of techniques based on the principles of  crowd psychology  to engage, control, or influences the desires of a  crowd  in order to direct its behavior toward a specific action. (Crowd Manipulation, 2012). This has and is still being used as a powerful tool for people to rally individuals to a cause. This was used during the Revolutionary War to rally the public against the British troops. Adolf Hitler and Winston Churchill also used crowd manipulation to gather more war assets for WWII. The location also has a lot of power when trying to sway a crowd to your position. Such as Ronald Regan giving a speech at the Berlin Wall or George W. Bush speaking at the World Trade Center shortly after September 11th, this can powerful imagery when speaking to crowds. But crowd manipulation is not always for political means. Sports teams often use mascots to help involve the crowd in sporting events, it may be the Michigan State â€Å"Spartan† or the University of Georgia â€Å"Bulldog†. So these may not always be for evil or sinister means they are definitely in place to help move a crowd to â€Å"your side†. Media Manipulation. Media manipulation according to Wikipedia is â€Å"  an aspect of  public relations  in which partisans create an image or argument that favors their particular interests. † (Media Manipulation Wikipedia, 2012) The media uses many different forms of manipulation. Such as labeling war activists as â€Å"pacifists† to discount there opinion, or such as the Republican party spreading the notion that President Obama is not a U. S. citizen, and leading the media spread it to the people to get the notion in their thoughts. There also other ways media â€Å"spins† information. Like focusing on the most extreme person of a group to make them appear more radical than actually may be. Politician will often use a crisis or world event to help â€Å"cover up† another media event that may be happening at the time. It would appear that all reasons I have seen that use the Media to manipulate seem sinister in nature. They all are seem to dupe or trick the public into a certain point of view or hide the news from the public. Market Manipulation. While market manipulation may not appear to have a strong connection to communication I feel it does. Market manipulation primarily revolves around people misleading or falsely reporting financial data. While it is illegal in the United States it still manages to happen from time to time. What happens most often than not is buyers and traders will buy and sell stocks of the same or similar companies to drive up prices on stocks or to generate activity to help generate new investors to come in and drive prices up. Another thing people to do is spread rumors about certain stocks to try to drive the price up or down. Psychological Manipulation. Is defined as; â€Å"a type of social influence that aims to change the perception or behavior of others through underhanded, unfair tactics. By advancing only the interests of the manipulator, often at anothers expense, such methods could be considered exploitative, abusive, devious, and deceptive. † (psycological manipulation: definetion of psycological manipulation, 2012) This from of manipulation is probably the most deceitful and one sided of any I’ve come across or read about. The sole purpose is for the manipulator to gain something over some else. There are many different ways a person can achieve this such as; using positive and negative reinforcement (includes using praise, charm, or sympathy on the positive side, or possibly offering some sort of bribe on the negative side). A manipulator could also lie, or a number of diversion tactics to try to confuse or throw off the person they are trying to manipulate, to gain the upper hand. They may also use vulnerabilities in the target as well. Such as if the target lacks assertiveness, or if the target happens to be lonely, or there young or elderly or impressionable or a number of other possibly character traits. What this all boils down to is that people will try to find a weakness in people and exploit it. There seems to be no good or redeeming feature in this. This is just people preying on the weakness of others. While I realize that sometimes things may be necessary. But it doesn’t ever seem like an acceptable thing to do. All of this courtesy of Wikipedia. Psycological Manipulation, 2012) Closing Statement. After reading the information I did I was hoping to find more of an example of good things that could come out of manipulation. After reading example after example it would appear that manipulation is primarily for taking advantage of people to further your own gain. While I agree it may sometimes be necessary, not often I would assume but I can imagine there are rare occasions where you need something and the person(s) may not be willing to cooperate. But I feel like more often than not people manipulate for their own gain. Although they may not necessarily realize what they are doing is a bad thing they still do it for their own gain. Although some occasions do arise where manipulation is not a bad thing, such as I mentioned earlier about mascots at sporting events, there only goal being to manipulate the crowd into being more active, or to excite the crowd, this I do not believe to be a bad thing ( I suppose you may think of this differently if you were on the opposing team ). So as a last statement I would say manipulation is a terrible way to communicate with people. I feel being honest and direct will always be a better alternative than lying and being deceitful.